Correlation Between Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Common Facial Measurements.

Background: The symmetry between maxillary anterior teeth and the face holds significant importance. This study assessed and analyzed the relationship between facial parameters and anterior teeth in the maxillary arch of male and female subjects. Specifically, individual width and combined width (CW) measurements of the maxillary anterior teeth were investigated. Methods: This study involved a total of 150 dentate Yemeni subjects (74 men and 76 women), whose ages ranged from 18 years old to 30 years old. A maxillary cast was created, and two digital photographs of the face of each subject were taken and analyzed. Digital calipers and AutoCAD were used to gather measurement data of the dental parameters (intercanthal distance [ICD], interpupillary distance [IPD], interalar width [IAW], intercommissural width [ICW], and bizygomatic width [BZW]) and facial parameters (profile distance). Results: Significant correlations were found for the following: IPD and width of six maxillary anterior teeth of each of the study subjects; ICD and their central incisors; and BZW and their canine width measurements. In contrast, IAW and ICW were not correlated with all tooth measurements. Linear regression findings showed that the CW measurement of the four incisors was significantly correlated with all facial parameter measurements, excluding the ICW and IAW in females and the IAW, ICW, and profile distance in males. Conclusion: The IPD and ICD of males and females may be used to determine their CW measurements. The BZW and IPD of males can be used to take precise anthropological measurements of the width of the central canines and incisors. Meanwhile, the IPD distance of females can be used to assess the central and lateral incisor widths.

Epidemiology of Facial Profiles, Occlusal Features, and Orthodontic Treatment Need among Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Study.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among randomly selected high school students. METHODS: A multistage stratified random-sampling study was conducted on 1,036 high school students in Sana'a city. The World Dental Federation and World Health Organization method of occlusal traits and the index of orthodontic treatment need were adopted for measurements. Clinically, the molar relationship and facial profile were examined. Assessment of whether examiner or subject perceived the need for orthodontic treatment was made using the esthetic component index. All data were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: Normal, convex, and concave facial-profile measurements were found in 81.9, 12.1, and 6.15% of sampled students, respectively. Asymmetrical molar relationship was observed in 16.1% of samples, and most of them were of class I/class II relationships. Increased overjet was noticed in 90.9% of students. Anterior crossbite, deepbite, anterior openbite, posterior openbite, posterior crossbite, and scissor bite accounted for 12.2, 12.8, 3.5, 1.3, 6.6, and 0.6%, respectively. According to the index orthodontic treatment need, 38.9% of students needed some form of orthodontic treatment. Among these cases, 24.3% "definitely" needed treatment, and 59.9% of students needed orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested a call for a more conservative treatment approach in dealing with malocclusion problems among high school students in all zones of Sana'a governorate, Yemen. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A limited number of surveys were performed in Sana'a Governorate to investigate orthodontic treatment needs, facial profiles, and occlusal features among adolescents. The results of this study could guide us to develop a preventive system that minimizes its adverse effects and the need for costly orthodontic treatments.

A Study of Dentofacial Morphology in Yemeni Adults with Normal Occlusions a cross sectional prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the dentofacial morphology of Yemeni adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The lateral cephalograms of 100 Yemeni adults (50 males, 50 females) were included in the study. All subjects were born to Yemeni parents and grandparents. They all had Class I occlusions with minor or no crowding, well-aligned upper and lower dental arches, good facial harmony, all teeth present except third molars, and no history of orthodontic therapy or maxillofacial surgery. Five angular and eighteen linear measurements were analyzed to determine the soft tissue, skeletal, and dental features. The differences for each measurement between Yemeni males and females were calculated using unpaired t-tests. RESULTS: Significant sexual and racial differences were found for three linear parameters in the skeletal analysis, one angle, and four linear dental measurements, and for all soft tissue linear parameters. Yemeni adults showed a tendency to a facial pattern of Class II, convex profile, reduced prominence of chin, increased lower facial height, and a clockwise rotation of the mandibular plane angle. CONCLUSION: Yemeni adults have different dentofacial parameters when compared to other racial standards, and these differences could aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Cephalometric comparison of dentofacial parameters between Yemeni and Caucasian adults / Comparação cefalométrica de parâmetros dentofaciais entre adultos iemenitas e caucasianos

Objective: The purposes of our research were to establish cephalometric standards for Yemeni adults and to compare them with those of the Caucasians. Material and Methods: 100 Yemeni students (fifty males, mean age of 23.6 ± 2.1 years, and fifty female, mean age of 21.5 ± 3.1 years) with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces were involved in the study. Inclusion criteria were a class I occlusion with minor or no crowding, the whole teeth is present except third molars and no previous orthodontic, orthopedic or maxillofacial surgery treatment. Five angular and eighteen linear measurements were used for the skeletal, dental and soft tissue analysis. All participant's Lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated. The average values and standard deviations for all the angles and linear measurements were determined. The differences for each measurement between the Yemeni and Caucasian participants were calculated using unpaired t­tests. Results: Yemeni subjects had a more retrognathic mandibular positions (P< 0.05), protrusive mandibular incisors (P< 0.01), more protruded lip positions (P < 0.01), deeper mentolabial sulci (P< 0.01) and a steeper mandibular planes (P< 0.001) compared to the Caucasians. Yemeni females had a larger lower face height than Caucasian females (P< 0.001). Conclusions The study provides specific standards for Yemeni adults and shows that the Yemenis had different skeletal and dentoalveolar cephalometric standards in comparison with Caucasians (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo de nossa pesquisa foi estabelecer padrões cefalométricos para adultos iemenitas e compará-los com os caucasianos. Material e Métodos: Cem estudantes iemenitas (cinquenta homens, idade média de 23,6 ± 2,1 anos, e cinquenta mulheres, idade média de 21,5 ± 3,1 anos) com oclusões normais e faces bem equilibradas foram envolvidos no estudo. Os critérios de inclusão foram: oclusão de classe I com pouco ou nenhum apinhamento, todos os dentes presentes, exceto terceiros molares e sem histórico de tratamento ortodôntico, ortopédico ou cirurgia maxilo-facial prévio. Cinco medidas angulares e dezoito lineares foram utilizadas para a análise esquelética, dentária e de tecidos moles. Todas as radiografias cefalométricas laterais dos participantes foram avaliadas. Foram determinados os valores médios e desvios padrão para todos os ângulos e medidas lineares. As diferenças para cada medição entre os participantes iemenitas e caucasianos foram calculadas usando testes t não pareados. Resultados: Os indivíduos iemenitas tinham posições mandibulares mais retrognáticas (P <0,05), incisivos inferiores protrusivos (P <0,01), posições dos lábios mais protuberantes (P <0,01), sulcos mentolabiais mais profundos (P <0,01) e planos mandibulares mais inclinados (P <0,001) em comparação com os caucasianos. As mulheres iemenitas tinham uma altura facial inferior maior do que as mulheres brancas (P <0,001). Conclusão:O estudo fornece padrões específicos para adultos iemenitas e mostra que os iemenitas apresentaram padrões cefalométricos esqueléticos e dentoalveolares diferentes em comparação com os caucasianos. (AU)

Relationship between cervical vertebral maturation and dental development in a sample of yemeni children and adolescents / Relación entre la maduración vertebral cervical y el desarrollo dental en una muestra de niños y adolescentes yemeníes

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dental development and cervical vertebral maturation stages in a group of Yemeni children and adolescents. Materials an Methods: The study included digital panoramic radiographs and lateral skull cephalograms obtained from 207 Yemeni subjects­122 females and 85 males aged between 8 to 18 years. Dental maturity was evaluated according to the method of Demirijian et al., calcification stages of the left mandibular canines, first and second premolars and second molars were assessed. Skeletal maturity was assessed by the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages according to the method of Baccetti et al. Correlation between CVM and dental maturation was evaluated by Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (SROCC). Results: CVM and dental calcification stages were highly correlated (p<0.001) in both genders, ranging from 0.686 to 0.873 for females and 0.787 to 0.871 for males. Calcification stages of the second molars showed the strongest correlation with CVM. Conclusion: Calcification stages of the second molar may be used as a reliable maturation indicator. Dental maturation may be applied to determine the skeletal maturity status of Yemeni children and adolescents.

Objetivo: Este estudio se realizó para investigar la relación entre el desarrollo dental y las etapas de maduración vertebral cervical en un grupo de niños y adolescentes yemeníes. Material y Métodos: El estudio incluyó radiografías panorámicas digitales y cefalogramas laterales del cráneo obtenidos de 207 sujetos yemeníes: 122 mujeres y 85 hombres de entre 8 y 18 años. La madurez dental se evaluó de acuerdo con el método de Demirijian et al. Se evaluaron las etapas de calcificación de los caninos mandibulares izquierdos, primer y segundo premolares y segundos molares. La madurez esquelética se evaluó mediante las etapas de maduración vertebral cervical (CVM) de acuerdo con el método de Baccetti et al. La correlación entre la CVM y la maduración dental se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación de orden de rango de Spearman (SROCC). Resultado: Las etapas de CVM y calcificación dental estuvieron altamente correlacionadas (p<0.001) en ambos sexos, con un rango de 0.686 a 0.873 para las mujeres y 0.787 a 0.871 para los hombres. Las etapas de calcificación de los segundos molares mostraron la correlación más fuerte con CVM. Conclusión: las etapas de calcificación del segundo molar pueden usarse como un indicador de maduración confiable. La maduración dental puede aplicarse para determinar el estado de madurez esquelética de los niños y adolescentes yemeníes.

The Relationship between Number of Natural Teeth and Chewing Qat Habit among Adult Yemeni People in Sana'a: A Pilot Study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Several studies have reported associations between the habit of chewing qat and the deterioration of periodontal health among adults in Yemen; however, qat's effect on the number of teeth has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this observational study was to examine the relationship between the number of natural teeth and qat-chewing status among Yemeni participants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants were interviewed with a structured questionnaire by a researcher on the day of the dental check-up. The surveyed items were age, sex, chewing-qat status (nonchewer; current chewer, nonsmoker; current chewer and smoker; current chewer, ex-smoker; ex-chewer, never smoked; ex-chewer and smoker). The dental examination was conducted with dental mirrors by a single examiner under sufficient artificial light. A linear regression was performed, stratified by sex, with the number of natural teeth as the dependent variable and with age and qat status as independent variables using SAS/STAT software. RESULTS: Results show that age was a significant factor for both males and females having few natural teeth. Females had a higher tooth loss than males. The habit of chewing qat did not affect the number of natural teeth for both males and females. In males, a small, but not significant, relationship between chewing-qat status and the number of natural teeth was found. All smokers were qat chewers. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights for the first time the relationship between having fewer teeth and the habit of chewing qat and provides useful findings for dental health workers to advise people about the benefits of cessation of both qat chewing and smoking.

Prevalence of prematurely lost primary teeth in 5-10-year-old children in Thamar city, Yemen: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The premature loss of primary teeth is a potential risk factor for poor arch length development. Adequate arch length is important to the progression of the permanent teeth. Poor arch length can lead to crowding, ectopic eruption, or impaction of these teeth. This study is designed to assess the prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth in the 5-10-year-old age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group included 185 children, that is, 91 boys and 94 girls. The dental examination was conducted by an experienced examiner under sufficient artificial light. Data including patient age and missing teeth were collected. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis, and from the results, Chi-square tests were used at a level of significance of 5% (P < 0.05). RESULTS: We observed a 40.54% prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth with no statistically significant difference between genders. The lower left primary second molar was the most commonly absent tooth in the dental arch (13.5%). CONCLUSION: The status of premature loss of primary teeth was high in the study group. Implementation of efficient educational and preventive programs to promote oral health would help children maintain a healthy primary dentition and eventually prevent the disturbances in the future development of normal occlusion. Early detection and management of the space problems associated with the early loss of primary teeth would help in reducing malocclusion problems.